BESIDE VS BESIDES

‘Beside’ is a preposition and means ‘At the side of’ or ‘By’.

Who is slim girl sitting beside Hob?

‘Besides’ is either a preposition or an adverb.

As a preposition, it is used rather like ‘As well as’, whenever we have to add new info to what is already known.

Besides math, we have to study chemistry and physics. – We have to study chemistry and physics as well as math.

Who was on the trip besides John and Mary? – I knew about John and Mary, but who else was on the trip?

As an adverb, it means ‘Also’, ‘Moreover’, or ‘As well’ and usually goes before a clause.

I don’t like her lifestyle; besides, she is too superior.

It is too late to dine out. Besides, the restaurant is being crowded.

100 SPECIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AVAILABLE ALONG CAMBODIA COASTAL ZONES

The following species should be considered for only a purpose of learning more:

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TERMINOLOGY

When it comes to talking about grammar and other parts of language, there are some words and expressions that are used in common. The following should be observed:

EDITING AND/OR PROOFING

This processing round happens at post-translation including checking and polishing the translated material(s), wherever it is necessary, so that the translation becomes accurate and loyal to the source and naturally flows. Within this final stage of the Translation, Editing, and Proofing (TEP) process, editors should have to take actions of any necessary changes so as to ensure consistency, completeness and accuracy of the source or original text. The editors should keep in mind that the edited translation being delivered will never ever be published with any further checking that there must be no error.

Editor’s checklist should be considered and reviewed against the proposed requirements or specific instructions. The following criteria should be taken into account when handling such a job/project:

Accuracy:
Accuracy through cultural differences
Rules of the locale including numbers, non-translated texts, proper nouns, tables of numbers etc.,

Grammar & Style:
Appropriate style for the target audience
Grammar, punctuations, and spelling
Readability and flow of the text
The proposed language specific style guide, if applicable
Review the products using appropriate tools such as track change in MS Word making clean and unclean files available

Consistency:
Consistency within the products and with reference materials normally including TM and Glossary/Term Base…
Getting the relevant TM or Glossary/Term Base, if necessary and/or applicable

Text Completeness:
Getting the source and target matched as language specific rules

Formatting:
Checking hyphenation and line breaks as per language specific instructions provided
Following the source format of the document and any specific instructions given

Overall evaluation:
Feedback when delivering

*** Be reassured that you have never made harms to the trees.

BECAUSE VS BECAUSE OF

The word, ‘Because’ is a conjunction that is used before a clause with a subject and a verb where ‘Because of’ is a preposition that is used before a noun or pronoun.

People were worried because the weather was not favorable.
She is late today because of the traffic jam.

Typical mistakes:
People were worried because of the weather was not favorable.
She is late today because the traffic jam.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR: US VS GB

There are some cases that US and GB English are different in grammar. The following instances should be noted:
In some cases, Americans (US) use a simple past tense where British men (GB) use a present perfect.
US: She just left her office.
GB: She’s just left her office.

US people use the verb, ‘Have’ a little bit different from GB men in certain cases.
US: Do you have a driving license?
GB: Have you got a driving license?

The US past participle of the verb, ‘Get’ is ‘Forgotten’; where it is ‘Got’ in British English. There are also some other irregular verb forms of US and GB English that are a little different.
US: They have never gotten to know her.
GB: They have never got to know her.

The subjunctive is much more common in US than in GB.
US: It is essential that they be informed.
GB: It is essential that they should be informed.

Sometimes, US people use ‘His’ where the GB men say, ‘One’s’.
US: One should be aware of his rights.
GB: One should be aware of one’s rights.

US speakers would just say, ‘I have; I can; I might’ where GB speakers often say, ‘I have done; I can do; I might do, etc.
US: Fill in/out a form, protest something, stay home, visit with somebody, do something over, check something out, Monday through Friday…
GB: Fill in a form, protest against something, stay at home, visit somebody, do something again, check something, Monday to Friday…

In the use of prepositions and adverb particles, there are many small differences.

In informal speech, US people use ‘Like’ in many cases where most GB men would prefer ‘As’ or ‘As if’. Americans sometimes use adverb forms without ‘-ly’.
US: It looks like it is going to rain.
GB: It looks as if it is going to rain.
US: She looked at me real strange.
GB: She looked at really strangely.

BIG VS LARGE VS GREAT

We use the words, ‘Big’ and ‘Large’ when we talk about size. In modern English, ‘Great’ is not used to refer to size. ‘Big’ is a more conversational word, however, ‘Large’ is a little more formal. Compare the following sentences:

After a large lunch, Hob was very sleepy.
Could I have a big lunch today, my dear?


‘Big’ and ‘Great’ have more abstract meanings. They are often used to refer to important events and actions. ‘Great’ is more format than ‘Big’ in this sense. See the following:

They are making a great or big mistake.
A big or great step forward; a big or great change; a big or great improvement

*** With uncountable words, only ‘Great’ is normally used. The meaning is similar to ‘a lot of’.

I had great difficult in learning Chinese.
Great care; Great importance; Great concentration; Great charm


‘Big’ and ‘Great’ are used simply for emphasis, or to express emotion, either combined with other adjectives or with each other (e.g. great big but not big great).

SENSITIVE VS SENSIBLE

SENSITIVE
When a person who feels easily and/or deeply, it is called ‘Sensitive’.

He is not sensitive to people’s feelings.
Those children are easily hurt because they are very sensitive.

Click here to learn more about its definition.

SENSIBLE
The word, ‘Sensible’ is used to talk about practical common sense. A sensible person makes wise decisions, and does not behave stupidly or impulsively.

A: I want to drive our car today.

B: Be sensible, my dear, you have not known exactly on how to drive it.

To learn more about Sensible, click here.

EFFICIENT VS EFFECTIVE

EFFICIENT

When someone work without wasting time or energy, in a well-organized way, we say that they are efficient. A reliable clerk is efficient; an inefficient one is not structurally oriented, forgetful, or takes too long to get a small job done. ‘Efficient’ is also referred to a machine or system that works well.

Example:
- I have handled many contracted projects smoothly for I knew how to consider project triangles – isn’t that efficient of me?
- Apple, Microsoft, Google products are highly efficient when it comes to thinking about information processing and telecoms.

EFFECTIVE

Something will be effective if it solves our particular problem; or is successful in producing a desired or intended result.

Example:
- If your work plan to reduce office paper waste resulted in a reduction more than 30% in paper use, that means your plan was very effective.
- Monitoring is an effective project control.
- An effective solution to environmental problems is that, at least, your daily work makes no harm to the trees.

TECHNOLOGY VS TECHNIQUE

We usually use the word 'Technology' to refer to 'scientific and industrial manufacturing process and skills'.

Example: Digital technologies make smart city more liveable, sustainable and prosperous.


A word, 'Technique' is a method of doing something.

Example:
- Our community constantly pushes the state-of-the-art to introduce new techniques.
- New techniques make dilemmas.
- Although there are existing techniques to make three-dimensional tissues from heart cells, the new method dramatically reduces the number of cells needed, making it an easier, cheaper, and more efficient system.

FORWARD, FORWARDS

We can usually use either 'forward' or 'forwards' as an adverb.

Examples:

- She went forward for a few minutes.
- He kept moving backward(s) and forward(s).

Only 'forward' can be used in the expression, 'look forward to' and only forward is used as an adjective.

Examples:

- I look forward to hearing from you soon, if possible, for a further development of our business linkage.
- You are only allowed to move forward on this webpage.

Other words ending in -ward(s), like backwards(s), northward(s), homeward(s), downward(s), windward(s), follow a similar rule of the grammar.

ANGKOR DISCOVERY: US-VS-GB ENGLISH: VOCABULARY

ANGKOR DISCOVERY: US-VS-GB ENGLISH: VOCABULARY: Sometimes different words have the same meaning (US cab vs GB taxi), however, the same word has different meaning (Mad: US 'angry' ...

US-VS-GB ENGLISH: VOCABULARY

Sometimes different words have the same meaning (US cab vs GB taxi), however, the same word has different meaning (Mad: US 'angry' vs GB 'crazy').
The following words should be noted for an instance of the difference between the United States (US) and Great British (GB) English:

US / GB
alumnus / graduate
anyplace / anywhere
apartment / flat
attorney / barrister, solicitor
automobile / motorcar
baby-carriage / pram
bar / pub
billboard / hoarding
billfold / wallet
broiler / grill
cab / taxi
call collect / reverse charges - while telephoning
can / tin
candy / sweets
checkers / draughts
closer / cupboard
coin-purse / purse
cookie / biscuit
corn / maize
crazy / mad
crib / cot
cuffs / turn-ups - on trousers
dessert / sweet
detour / diversion
diaper / nappy
dish-towel / tea-towel
divided highway  dual carriageway
drug store / chemist('s)
elevator / lift
eraser / rubber
expressway / motorway
faculty / staff (of a university)
fall / autumn
faucet / tap - indoors
fender / mudguard, bumper (of a car)
first floor / ground floor
flashlight / torch
flat / flat tyre, puncture
freeway / motorway
garbage can / dustbin, rubbish-bin
gas, gasoline / petrol
gear-shift / gear-lever
generator / dynamo
highway / main road
hobo / tramp
hood / bonnet (of a car)
intermission / interval (in an entertainment)
intersection / crossroads
janitor / caretaker
kerosene / paraffin
liquor store / off-licence
mad / angry
mail / post
mailbox / postbox
mailman, mail carrier / postman
math /maths
mean / nasty, vicious (person)
motor / engine
movie / film
the movies / the cinema
muffler / silencer
no place / nowhere
oil-pan / sump
one-way / single, optician
overpass / flyover
pacifier / dummy - for a baby
pants / trousers
panty-hose / tights
patrolman / constable - policeman
pavement / road surface
peek / peep
pitcher / jug
pocketbook, purse / handbag
potato chips / crisps
private hospital / nursing home
railroad (car) / railway (carriage)
raincoat / mackintosh, raincoat
raise / rise (in salary, wage...)
realtor / estate agent
rest room / public toilet
round-trip / return - ticket
rubber / condom - male contraceptive
rubbers / gumshoes, wellington boots
run / ladder - in heights
schedule / timetable
school / school, college, university
sedan / saloon (car)
shorts   underpants
shoulder / verge (of a road)
sick / ill
sidewalk / pavement
sneakers / gymshoes, tennis-shoes'
someplace / somewhere
spigot / tap - outdoors
spool of thread / reel of cotton
stingy / mean =/= generous
store / shop
stove / cooker
stroller / push-chair - for a baby
subway / tube, underground - train
suspenders / braces
sweater / jersey, jumper, pullover, sweater
thread / cotton
thumbtack / drawing-pin
tidbit / titbit
traffic circle / roundabout
trailer / caravan
trash / rubbish
trashcan / dust-bin, rubbish-bin
truck / van, lorry
trunk / boot (of a car)
turnpike / toll motorway
undershirt / vest
vacation / holidays(s)
vest / waistcoat
wheat / corn, wheat
windshield / windscreen (of a car)
wreck / crash (of a vehicle)
wrench / spanner
zipper / zip